Mechanisms Underlying the C3–CAM Photosynthetic Shift in Facultative CAM Plants

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), one of three kinds photosynthesis, is a water-use efficient adaptation to an arid environment. CAM characterized by CO2 uptake via open stomata during the nighttime and refixation Calvin cycle daytime. Facultative plants can shift photosynthesis from C3 exhibit greater plasticity in expression under different environments. Though leaf thickness important anatomical feature plants, there may be no changes C3–CAM transition for all facultative plants. The accompanied significant physiology including opening, gas exchange organic fluxes; activities many decarboxylating enzymes increase CAM; molecular occur involved DNA hypermethylation, transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation protein level regulation. Recently, omics approaches were used discover more proceedings underling transition. However, are few reviews on mechanisms this photosynthetic In paper, we summarize progress comparative analysis anatomical, physiological, metabolic properties between photosynthesis. also show potential sustainable food crop biomass production. We discuss implications horticultural crops address future directions research.